Educational Research Single Su :: essays research papers

Educational Research Single-Subject Critique Establishing Discriminative Control of Responding Using Functional and Alternative Reinforcers During Functional Communication Training Wayne W. Fisher, David E. Kuhn, and Rachel H. Thompson Appropriateness of research question or purpose: The purpose of this research was interesting and of value as it focused on problems that often occur when Functional Communication Training (FCT) is in use. This study sought to find effective solutions as desired “. . .response[s] may be weakened and destructive behavior[s] may reemerge . . .'; when reinforcements of communication are delayed or denied due to impossibility or inconvenience of the caregiver or instructors ability to provide said reinforcement in a timely manner. “. . .procedures are needed to increase the effectiveness of FCT in situations in which it is impractical or impossible to deliver a given reinforcer.'; Research design and design rationale: This study was broken up into 4 phases (the fourth phase “. . .was completed with only 1 participant in only one condition because of time limitations on the participants’ hospital admission.';) Phase 1: Functional Analyses and Descriptive Assessments. Alternating treatment with no baseline design. “During this analysis, a test condition . . .and a control condition were compared using a multi-element design.'; Phase 2: Communication and Discrimination Training. Phase 3: Treatment Evaluation of FCT with Discriminative Stimuli. Between series, alternating treatment (ABAB) design was used to compare FCT + EXT vs. ACT + EXT in two conditions for one participant (Amy) and in one condition for one participant (Ned). Phase 4: Independent Effects of FCT and EXT. Between series, alternating treatment and a final treatment design was used to compare FCT/ACT (w/o EXT) vs. EXT alone with the final series being strictly FCT/ACT (w/o EXT). The order of presentation for Amy’s discrimination training were “. . .stimulus-present and stimulus-absent periods [that] were alternated every 30 s for the duration of the 10-min session. For Ned, “. . .one SD at a time was presented for 1 min. The order of the first three SD presentations in a given session was randomized, without replacement; thereafter, the order remained constant.'; Phase 1 was “conducted to test the hypotheses generated by the results of. . .descriptive assessments. . .to determine whether . . .destructive behavior was multiply maintained by both attention and access to tangible items, but under specific stimulus conditions [for Amy]. . .[and whether] destructive behavior was maintained by . Educational Research Single Su :: essays research papers Educational Research Single-Subject Critique Establishing Discriminative Control of Responding Using Functional and Alternative Reinforcers During Functional Communication Training Wayne W. Fisher, David E. Kuhn, and Rachel H. Thompson Appropriateness of research question or purpose: The purpose of this research was interesting and of value as it focused on problems that often occur when Functional Communication Training (FCT) is in use. This study sought to find effective solutions as desired “. . .response[s] may be weakened and destructive behavior[s] may reemerge . . .'; when reinforcements of communication are delayed or denied due to impossibility or inconvenience of the caregiver or instructors ability to provide said reinforcement in a timely manner. “. . .procedures are needed to increase the effectiveness of FCT in situations in which it is impractical or impossible to deliver a given reinforcer.'; Research design and design rationale: This study was broken up into 4 phases (the fourth phase “. . .was completed with only 1 participant in only one condition because of time limitations on the participants’ hospital admission.';) Phase 1: Functional Analyses and Descriptive Assessments. Alternating treatment with no baseline design. “During this analysis, a test condition . . .and a control condition were compared using a multi-element design.'; Phase 2: Communication and Discrimination Training. Phase 3: Treatment Evaluation of FCT with Discriminative Stimuli. Between series, alternating treatment (ABAB) design was used to compare FCT + EXT vs. ACT + EXT in two conditions for one participant (Amy) and in one condition for one participant (Ned). Phase 4: Independent Effects of FCT and EXT. Between series, alternating treatment and a final treatment design was used to compare FCT/ACT (w/o EXT) vs. EXT alone with the final series being strictly FCT/ACT (w/o EXT). The order of presentation for Amy’s discrimination training were “. . .stimulus-present and stimulus-absent periods [that] were alternated every 30 s for the duration of the 10-min session. For Ned, “. . .one SD at a time was presented for 1 min. The order of the first three SD presentations in a given session was randomized, without replacement; thereafter, the order remained constant.'; Phase 1 was “conducted to test the hypotheses generated by the results of. . .descriptive assessments. . .to determine whether . . .destructive behavior was multiply maintained by both attention and access to tangible items, but under specific stimulus conditions [for Amy]. . .[and whether] destructive behavior was maintained by .

Homework: Harmful or Helpful

Is Homework Harmful or Helpful to Students? The student body hates nothing more than finding out that, on top of the work assigned in class, there is an additional 10 questions to be completed at home. The big question that has arisen lately is: Is homework helpful to students, or does it create unnecessary stress? I personally have to say that homework is not helping us students learn anything more. First of all, homework causes students to become stressed out or even depressed. Second of all, it does not expand the student’s learning much. Third of all, too much of it can effect the student’s home life.Forth of all, doing too much homework can have negative effects on the body. As a student myself, I find that getting homework is somewhat helpful, but only to a certain degree. Many nights, students have pages upon pages of homework to complete and it’s difficult to get it all done within the specified timeframe. Having to deal with homework is very bad when you also have to complete important projects or assignments. This is because, if you don’t get your homework done, you get into trouble and could be penalized, but if you don’t get your assignments done, your grades will go down drastically.Getting both tasks done at the same time is troubling for most students and most of the time students will just bail on their work and give up because of the amount of stress. There have even been studies that prove that too much homework causes depression in children, especially from the ages of 14 – 19. Many people-especially teachers-will have you believe that homework is essential to a student’s success and helps to expand their learning skills and knowledge. However, this is not entirely true. I am going to use math as an example.If a student does all of his or her homework for math, writes the unit test, and passes, yes I suppose they have learned something. However, the information they have learned will only stay fresh in their mind for a short amount of time. Eventually they will completely forget about whatever they learned and will need to be retaught everything next year. So, in truth, they really haven’t learned anything, only memorized what they had to until they no longer needed it. Many topics learned throughout the school year are never even used in real life scenarios.For example, unless you have decided to take up biology as an occupation, many people will not use any kind of science in their lives. When a student comes home from school, most of the time they almost immediately start on their homework. If there is a great amount of work to be finished for the next day, they will work all through the evening and night trying to finish, usually skipping out on dinner or family time. When that student isn’t present very often and spends little time with the family, that cause problems between them and leads to fighting and weakened relationships. Read also  Homework Solutions – Chapter 3If the homework issue is consistent, parents may feel the need to speak to the teacher or even the principal, stating that their child has been neglecting to do much or anything except try to finish work. A few parents may even begin arguing with their child, wondering why they have so much homework and why they can’t spend time with their family for once. Arguing will create more stress for the student and will affect their performance in school. In extreme cases, too much homework can result in negative consequences on the body and mind.As well as stress, a heavy workload can cause everything from mild to strong body pains, to mental health issues, to physical inactivity, to sleep loss. If there is only a half hour or so of homework to be completed then it isn’t a huge concern. Although, oftentimes there is more than that and it has negative effects. Leaning over a desk for a long amount of time can cause back, neck, h and and joint pains that could last for days. If the subject being worked on involves a lot of thinking and brainwork, the student can suffer from headaches and dizziness.If the student is constantly sitting and doing work, they probably aren’t getting much physical activity and that could lead to obesity or sometimes malnutrition if they are skipping supper to finish. The most common negative effect of too much homework is mainly stress and lack of sleep. This happens because the child is worried that they need to complete everything or else the teacher will penalize them, so they stay up all night perfecting the assignment or task.There are an endless amount of reasons for why homework is bad for students, and there are many reasons to counter this argument. If you choose to believe the latter, then that is your choice; but think about this: Is homework really so important to the world that the health and wellbeing of students has to be put into jeopardy? Children donâ€⠄¢t need stress, family issues, and constant torment at this time. The issue really isn’t worth ruining our youth’s short amount of time to be carefree and have fun before they have to face the harsh reality of adulthood.

What Is a Diesel Fuel Cetane Rating

Cetane is a colorless, liquid hydrocarbon (a molecule from the alkane series) that ignites easily under compression. For this reason, it was given a base rating of 100  and is used as the  standard measure of the performance of compression ignition fuels, such as diesel fuel and biodiesel. All the sundry hydrocarbon constituents of diesel fuel are measured and indexed to cetanes base 100 rating. What Is Cetane Number? Similar to the octane number rating that is applied to gasoline to rate its ignition stability, cetane number is the rating assigned to diesel fuel to rate its combustion quality. While gasolines octane number signifies its ability to resist auto-ignition (also referred to as pre-ignition, knocking, pinging, or detonation), diesels cetane number is a measure of the fuels delay of ignition time (the amount of time between the injection of fuel into the combustion chamber and the actual start of combustion of the fuel charge). Because diesels rely on compression ignition (no spark), the fuel must be able to auto-ignite — and generally, the quicker the better. A higher cetane number means a shorter ignition delay time and more complete combustion of the fuel charge in the combustion chamber. This, of course, translates into a smoother running, better performing engine with more power and fewer harmful emissions. How Does the Cetane Number Test Work? The process for determining true cetane rating requires the use of precisely controlled test engines and procedures or fuel analysis with exacting instruments and conditions. Because using dedicated engines and processes or instruments for real fuel tests is painstaking, expensive and time-consuming, many diesel fuel formulators use a calculated method to determine cetane numbers. Two common tests are ASTM D976 and ASTM 4737. These two tests use fuel density and boiling/evaporation points to derive cetane ratings. How Does Cetane Number Affect Engine Performance? Just as there is no benefit to using gasoline with an octane rating higher than recommended for a specific engine by its manufacturer, using diesel fuel with a higher cetane rating than is required for a particular diesel engine design yields no bonuses. Cetane number requirements depend mainly on engine design, size, ​speed of operation, and load variations — and to a slightly lesser extent, atmospheric conditions. Conversely, running a diesel engine on fuel with a lower than recommended cetane number can result in rough operation (noise and vibration), low power output, excessive deposits and wear, and hard starting.​ Cetane Numbers of Various Diesel Fuels Normal modern highway diesels run best with a fuel rated between 45 and 55. Following is a list  of cetane numbers varying grades and types of compression ignition diesel fuels: Regular diesel--48Premium diesel--55Biodiesel (B100)--55Biodiesel blend (B20)--50Synthetic diesel--55 A label should be affixed to the pump that states both the fuel type and cetane number. Its important to find a station that dispenses fuel of the cetane number recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Essay on The Three Branches of Government - 1079 Words

The United States government braces its power among three powerful branches, legislative, executive and judicial. These branches interact with one another to establish authority that is strong, yet equal to have power over the country. Each branch pursues certain responsibilities and duties to operate in an efficient and effective manner in which society upholds. The executive, legislative and judicial branches all interact amid each other to validate accuracy of the nation’s most powerful law of the land, the Constitution. It is important to know how these branches interact with each other to learn how a bill becomes a law. Reflecting on how the three branches promote a balance of power that is constructive to include the agendas and†¦show more content†¦However, with all of the duties the legislative branch renders it has to be checked by the executive and judicial branches before imperative decisions are completed. The interaction that the legislative branch has wi th the judicial branch is to interpret acts of Congress that are disputed in legal cases to also declare laws of Congress void if they are not in accordance with the Constitution (Patterson, 2011, p. 42). The interaction the legislative branch has with the executive branch is when the creation of new laws or the changes of existing laws are made the executive branch is to issue regulation executing the full force of law. This gives the legislative branch power and authority within its own branch, to also subsist checked by the other two branches. The power of the executive branch is vested by the President of the United States. This branch is the largest branch that operates with assistance from the Vice President, agencies and members to successfully lead the government. The executive branch mainly operates based on the responsibilities and duties of the President implementing and forcing laws written by Congress (Whitehouse.gov). However, the interactions that the executive branch has with the other branches productively endorse power. The interactions that the executive branch has with the legislative branch are carrying out and enforce the laws thatShow MoreRelatedThree Branches of Government1117 Words   |  5 PagesThree Branches of the Federal Government In May 1787, 55 delegates from 12 states, Rhode Island declined, met in Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention. The purpose of the convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, but what occurred was the writing of the U.S. Constitution. George Washington was unanimously elected as President of the Convention. After four months of deliberations Gouveneur Morris submitted the final draft and 39 of the 55 delegate present signed the ConstitutionRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe Three Branches of Government The government of the United States of America is a federal constitutional republic. In layman s terms, this means that the country s national, central government and the smaller, unitary governments of the fifty states are co-equal in their power, and that the citizens of America have a say in public policies by electing representatives who voice their respective opinions. More importantly, both the central government and the state governments areRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government725 Words   |  3 PagesBranches of Government The United States Government has three branches, legislative power, executive power, and judicial power. The founders of a division of power did not want all the power to be centralized in a monarch or anyone else, so they divided the legal authority into the three branches. Legislative power creates new laws, the constitution gives this power to congress, which is made up of the senate and the house of representatives. Executive power gives the authority to enforce laws,Read MoreThe Three Branches of Government1260 Words   |  6 PagesThe Three Branches of U.S. Government The leaders at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 desired an unbiased, fair government. They believed they could keep a strong yet non-oppressive government form by creating three divided branches. The branches are the legislative, judicial and executive branches. The legislative branch is led by Congress which is split up into the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial branch is fronted by the Supreme Court. The executive branch is headedRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government1139 Words   |  5 Pages When the founders were creating the Constitution for the new nation they wanted to keep the freedoms of the United States but wanted to have a strong government. They thought the best way to get a strong government but to keep the people’s rights were to create the three branches of government. The three branches of government are Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branch. Legislative makes laws, Executive enforces the laws, and the Judicial branch e xplains the laws. Know we will key on the LegislativeRead MoreThree branches of government1113 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ ABSTRACT The components of the constitution are the framework for our country, and all function to give our government structure. The judicial, legislative, and executive branches are all key components that make up our government, acting independently from the others, and allowing for checks and balances in order to prevent misuse of power. Federalism affects how our government is run, and especially the criminal justice system. Within our criminal justice system the main components are lawRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe Three Branches of Government In the beginning the United States was based upon the Articles of Confederation where the national government consisted of only one legislative body. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government had very limited powers and because of that problems began to emerge. States were now conducting their own foreign trade negotiations, printing their own money, and organizing their own armed forces violating the national law. Because of this a groupRead MoreThe Three Branches Of The Government1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe Three Branches of the Government The Government has three branches for law making. When a law is being created, it starts at the Legislative, and then gets passed to the Executive branch, then to the Judicial branch. Each branch has their own area of the law that they look at. In the end, it is decided if the law will be issued to the people. When the law is being created, it starts at the Legislative branch. In the branch, Congress is made up of two houses, the Senate and the House of RepresentativesRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pages The Three Branches of Government In 1787 the leaders of the united states gathered to write the constitution which they also divided into three branches to ensure a central government in which no group or individual gains too much control. The three branches consists on the following Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Legislative branch rejects or confirms presidential appointments, and also has the authority to declareRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Federal Government1290 Words   |  6 Pagesordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.† The Constitution is the framework of our government, containing seven articles. The first three describe the three branches of Federal government which are legislative, judicial, and executive. The second three outline the rights and responsibilities of state governments and in relation to the Federal government. Lastly, the seventh article establishes the procedure used by the thir teen states to ratify it. These powerful words

Benito Cereno by Herman Melville and Charlotte Temple by...

Often, works of literature reveal a story, and that story is often only taken into consideration from an individual point of view. The value of the interpretation that that story reveals is seldom told. Stories can be seen interpreted through multiple viewpoints. What one person may accept as right, may not always been seen through the perspective of somebody else. We base our judgments on our own perception of the world, but not everybody has a fundamentally similar view of the world as we do. In the story Benito Cereno by Herman Melville, the different cases in the situation can be seen. It starts out when a sailor by the name of Amass Delano encounters a beaten down ship full of African slaves. Having no knowledge about why the ship ended up in the condition it did, he had already begun forming his take on the situation. As a reader in modern days and times, societal views influence a biased perspective on the view of slavery. It is understood that the slaves are human beings and do not deserve to suffer. They deserve their freedom and their own set of rights, just like anybody else does; but back in the days and times of slavery, the perspective was different. They had a fundamentally different view of slavery. The way we perceive slavery with negative connotations, they perceive it with positive ones. Back then, people believed that the Africans were born to be servants. They wanted nothing more than serve the white man. They were born to be obedient and to be

Entrepreneurship and Market Orientation-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Identify a Suitable Entrepreneur who has been in Business for at least five years. Answer: In order to take interview of an eminent personality, a list was made of the top entrepreneurs and then the best one was selected on the basis of certain criteria. These criteria included the sources of contact, his availability and the field in which he is associated with. When these three criteria matched with the American lawyer as well as the founder of the popular electrical company Emerson, John Wesley Emerson, he was the chosen person for the interview (Bruner et al. 2017). Emerson is regarded as the company where technology and engineering have a close bond with each other by creating solutions for the customer benefits and without any kind of compromise in the world of action. The special reason behind this selection was his excellence in electrical which attracts only few people from the crowd. But it is an interesting area which should be focused on for gaining more knowledge. To know more about this entrepreneur and his passion about electronics, an appointment date was fixed for taking his interview. The selected date was 25th September 2017 according to the guests convenience. His secretary was reluctant to give the date at first owing to his busy schedule but then he was convinced of the urgency of the interview. He agreed to it when it was told that the interview will be printed in the brochure which will be released in the local book fair. Although the interview was given consent, but the hosts had to keep a time frame of 1 hour within which the interview had to be conducted. It was told that the interview questions should be prepared beforehand and sent to the guest so that no time is wasted on the specific day. The permission of printing the interview in the brochure was given only if the questions remained unchanged. One week before the final day, the set of questions was sent to the guest through mail so that he can have an idea of the answers and do not need to think or fumble. The host had taken prior permission of recording the answers as it was a better option than writing those down. A necessary homework must be done on the guest and his pertinent areas so that the questions do not make him offended. In the given scenario, John Wesley Emerson is an American lawyer as well as an entrepreneur and businessman (Bae et al. 2014). He became successful in the business of the famous Emerson electrical and electronics into an internal brand which excels in selling electronic goods all over the world (Bredvold and Skln 2016). His parents were William and Rosanna Ellen. His education was started in Pennsylvania and then he had shifted to Michigan. He studied law and was a student of bar association in Missouri (Chatterji, Glaeser and Kerr 2014). Apart from being a lawyer he had also worked as a volunteer in the military without any designation during the battle of Richmond in 1862 and also got wounded. As a result of his service he got promoted to the rank of a colonel in the 68th Missouri Volunteer Infantry (Nambisan and Baron 2013). Gradually he got promoted to the rank of a major and finally a general. He was fickle minded and was not sure of his position in the military so came back to the legal field. He started practicing law at Ironton and became a judge of the 15th Judicial Circuit Court. The preparation was at the peak before the setting of the questions. The enquiries were put in such a way as to withdraw the maximum information as well as not annoy the guest in any way. The questions were structured in a general as well as a critical way to know the keys to success of his career graph. The personal questions only asked for certain basic information and did not ask for any intruding factor. It was a great learning experience for the host when John had praised the questions and also added that in all these years of his life he has experienced very few good interviews including the present one (Carland Jr, Carland and Carland III 2015). In the first part, the questions asked for his first stepping into the business of building electrical goods and appliances and why did he choose this particular field. Many new facts were revealed in the course of interview which would provide knowledge in a new dimension to his followers. He had no intention of being the inventor of Emerson until he met two orphans who wanted to open an electrical manufacturing company (Carland and Carland 2015). In the first part of the interview, the host was surprised to find out that there is no mention of electrical or electronics in his speech or they were related somehow with his life. There was no connection between Emerson and electrical. It is a matter of amazement how can a lawyer and an army man become the founder of a popular electric company. Only in 1890, he had met two orphans from Scotland who needed financial help for settling in lives (Galindo and Mndez 2014). They wanted to open an electrical and mechanical devices manufacturing company. He helped the two orphans by donating $50,000 for their start- up business. The orphans had started a new company with the name Emerson Electric manufacturing Company with Emerson as the first president of the company. He served in that position for two years from 1890- 1892. At the time of retirement, he sold off his interest to a railroad executive named Herbert L. Parker. Emerson successfully became a multinational corporation company i n America in the electric product manufacturing sector. The company is headquartered in Missouri of United States. They have a range of products and services for different kinds of business and buyer markets. He again changed his profession after retiring from the Emerson Company (Pitt et al. 2015). He even tried his hands in writing about General Grants campaign of the Mississippi Valley. This guest was an interesting personality as he was not only the founder of the Emerson Electrical Company but also a warrior, lawyer and writer. It can be said that he is a man of versatility who believed that variety is the spice of life. Emerson had emerged as a successful company in India too. Bruner et al. (2017) had stated that Emerson has expanded as a global manufacturer in a time of 100 years. In India this company has been associated with for more than 60 years. In the 1950s, Emerson had entered the Indian market to increase the speed of growth for the new country. In the 1980s, the company established its first joint venture in the country and Fisher- Rosemount India was offered to conduct the process of automation solution and the products. In the 1990s, a range of Emerson business had entered the Indian market with the basic form of joint ventures in the respective Indian businesses. The company was able to successfully set up business centres in the Indian market of Delhi and Pune. They had a constant focus on the control system of engineering and project management. Again in 2000 Emerson purchased the Fisher Rosemount India JV to build up Emerson Process Management India. The host was awestruck in the course of the interview that how is it possible for a normal person to be an entrepreneur and become successful in the specific area. Someone who was not even associated with the electrical and electronic field became the famous founder of one of the popular electric companies. The journey continued with the purchasing of Libert JV and built the Emerson Network Power India in 2001. After a gap of 2 years the company had again opened up an Emerson Innovation Center in Pune. They had bought Copeland Joint Venture and established the Emerson Climate Technologies in India. In 2007, another Information Technology Solution Center was opened in Mohali and Network Power was launched in the Indian market in the same year. The expansion of the company was going on smoothly and they had introduced the leading Smart Wireless Solution in the Indian market. They also acquired Trident Powercraft Ltd. And such procurement continued till 2012 with the compressor technology residential air- conditioning in the market of India (Galindo and Mndez 2014). Emerson got the award for being the best apprenticeship. It was an amazing story for the readers of the brochure when they will be able to get acquainted with the journey of this great man. The business of electrical appliances was primarily started with two orphans from Scotland till it was expanded to an international level for commercial activities (Chaston 2017). In his case, he could experience success sooner as compared to other entrepreneurs. The information that was gathered from his interview is the best proof of that fact. He mentioned that he did not have any role model who could have inspired him for this particular business rather he became the inspiration for many others after he started his venture.Through his charitable work of helping the orphan become a successful entrepreneur in the business. The company reached at the peak of success when the brilliant owner of the company had delivered the idea to the rest of the world. They became one of the leading manufacturer s of electrical appliances in the world. In the interview, the host did not feel the need to push him for extra information because his beautiful oration skill satisfied the particular expectation. He was confident of himself and his passion in his life. Determination and self- motivation helped him to get the position where he reached. . The reason behind the companys outstanding growth was that it had penetrated the market at the crisis situation. Thus, it throws light on the fact that the entrepreneurs such as John Wesley think differently than the non- entrepreneurs. On one hand, the non- entrepreneurs will get affected at the time of crisis whereas on the other hand, the entrepreneurs take advantage of the situation without lamenting over the loss. The guest also acted in regarded as unexpected miracle to heal the injury of the suffering state (Hart et al. 2015). When the company was enjoying their success, they had in their possession more than 40% of the whole worlds high speed ferry manufacturing market. The instanc e of electrical appliances produced can be considered as the best stories of entrepreneurship in the recent years and the host felt proud to be a part of this rich conversation. One interesting point that was reflected in the interview was that he is against the use of any intellectual rights for his design or products. He wants to stay ahead of his competitors not by putting copyrights in his products but using advanced technology. This was the most unique part in the interview as it had drawn a new dimension in the life of the entrepreneur (Kirzner 2015). The story about Emerson's life which might be new to some is that he had never joined any political parties. His business continued to operate in marginal profits for a long time. The host mentioned that his business, that is, electronics is a cyclic business which sometimes sees a terrible increase in the number of workforce and at other times a rapid decrease (Sahut and Peris-Ortiz 2014). At the time of the interview, John was enjoying his position as a president of his own company gaining insights about life and journey it can be mentioned that he is a lifestyle entrepreneur as according to the meaning of the term; he has travelled the world and made the business on his own. He cannot be called a high- potential entrepreneur because he did not seek investors and did not want to exit from his business. He had a value for freedom and did not want to be bound by location. Profit was not the only criteria as he wanted adventure out of his business which makes him a lifestyle entrepren eur (Wu and Huarng 2015). He wanted to focus more on the goals of his own life rather than his companys. The analysis of an entrepreneurs behavior and the process of entrepreneurship centers on the four theories of entrepreneurship namely economic, sociological, psychological and anthropological. All these theories are somehow related to the process either directly or indirectly. Several factors undermine these theories such as motivation, external environment, achievement, ambition and ability and determine the making of an entrepreneur (Markantoni, Koster and Strijker 2014). Thus, it was confirmed about entrepreneurship that anyone cannot be successful in it; rather it calls for a passionate, determined and hardworking person to excel in this field. An entrepreneur must abide by his commitment to expand his business which will help in the growth of the industry. An entrepreneurs life such as John revolves around the creation of business which can be dealt as an individual or in a group (Letaifa and Rabeau 2013). Therefore the process of entrepreneurship can be regarded as the required element for economic improvement as it can identify and evaluate the business opportunities by giving way to new firms and renew the existing ones. The factors of entrepreneurship determined the business venture of John and he became an internationally acclaimed face (Gonzlez-Benito, Muoz-Gallego and Garca-Zamora 2015). But he prefers to work for only the first few hours of the day and spends the rest of the time doing his favorite task (Karlsson and Warda 2014). There were new sights that emerged at the concluding part of the interview. This enlightening interview made the host all the more excited towards this known yet unknown as well as secret world of electronic and electrical. He was so influenced by the story of light bulbs and electric appliances. It did not seem to be a bad idea to try four professions in one life. His passion as a lifestyle entrepreneur drove him and his enthusiastic nature had let him try four businesses. He did not want to stay stuck to the profession of lawyer and used writing to rejuvenate himself. References Bae, T.J., Qian, S., Miao, C. and Fiet, J.O., 2014. The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta?analytic review.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,38(2), pp.217-254. Bredvold, R. and Skln, P., 2016. Lifestyle entrepreneurs and their identity construction: A study of the tourism industry.Tourism Management,56, pp.96-105. Bruner, R.F., Bruner, R.F., Opitz, C.S., Opitz, C.S., Bruner, R.F. and Bruner, R.F., 2017. Emerson Electric Company.Darden Business Publishing Cases, pp.1-13. Carland Jr, J.W., Carland, J.A.C. and Carland III, J.W.T., 2015. Self-actualization: The zenith of entrepreneurship.Journal of Small Business Strategy,6(1), pp.53-66. Carland, J.W. and Carland, J.C., 2015. A model of potential entrepreneurship: Profiles and educational implications.Journal of Small Business Strategy,8(1), pp.1-14. Chaston, I., 2017. Entrepreneurship. InTechnological Entrepreneurship(pp. 1-24). Springer International Publishing. Chatterji, A., Glaeser, E. and Kerr, W., 2014. Clusters of entrepreneurship and innovation.Innovation Policy and the Economy,14(1), pp.129-166. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Galindo, M.. and Mndez, M.T., 2014. Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and innovation: Are feedback effects at work?.Journal of Business Research,67(5), pp.825-829. Gonzlez-Benito, ., Muoz-Gallego, P.A. and Garca-Zamora, E., 2015. Entrepreneurship and market orientation as determinants of innovation: the role of business size.International Journal of Innovation Management,19(04), p.1550035. Hart, M., Levie, J., Bonner, K. and Drews, C.C., 2015. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor United Kingdom 2014 Monitoring Report. Karlsson, C. and Warda, P., 2014. Entrepreneurship and innovation networks.Small Business Economics,43(2), pp.393-398. Kirzner, I.M., 2015.Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Letaifa, S.B. and Rabeau, Y., 2013. Too close to collaborate? 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Potential threats to children on social networking sites

In the modern times, the world has become a global village and people are connected more than ever before. Today, people depend on the internet to do almost everything. Individuals are using modern technology to communicate and to run businesses. Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter have exploded in the last few years (Watters, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Potential threats to children on social networking sites specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Children and adolescents have also become exceedingly active on social networking sites to communicate with friends and hook up with different people all over the world. Undoubtedly, the internet is playing a significant role in everybody’s life, and children have not been left behind. Although, the internet has much to offer, there are certain risks involved. This paper will discuss the potential threats of social networking sites to chil dren. Criminal elements Social networking sites can expose children to criminals (Roderic, 2006). Although Facebook and Twitter among other social networking sites are primarily designed for socialization, there are many users who are on these social sites for different reasons. There are many nice people on social networking sites, but those who have bad motives also do exist. Children are exposed, and criminals are targeting the most vulnerable groups in the society (Roderic, 2006). Because children and adolescents post a lot of information about themselves, social networking sites, especially Facebook, Twitter, and My Space have become heaven for internet predators (Roderic, 2006). Children are usually excited to share about their hobbies, friends, schools, their physical appearance, and their phone numbers among other exceptionally sensitive information. Such information mostly is read by criminals. When a child says that he will be at a certain place during a specific time, suc h criminals take advantage either to kidnap children or harass them. Sexual content Social networking sites can expose children and adolescents to content that is only meant for adults (Watters, 2012). It is now clear that social networks are just more than socializing. In recent times, adolescents, youths and adults have become active on the social networking sites. Some people are using the social networking sites to advertise while others are doing illegal business on the same sites. However, some individuals usually post statuses that can cause emotional damage, especially when accessed by children. It is clear that, most social networking sites, especially Facebook provides facilities that allow users to post images and videos (Roderic, 2006).Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Watters (2012) some people are extremely sensitive, but others have bad motives and th ey only post images that are destructive to children. In fact, research has shown that big percent of images found on most social networking sites are sexual graphics. Even if your child has not posted such images, there is high likelihood that he/ she has seen photos on Facebook that are pornographic in nature. Apart from such images, there are many videos posted on the social networking sites containing graphics that have a potential to frighten and harm adolescents (Rittinghouse and Hanock, 2003). By using fake profiles, some individuals do post pictures that show them necked (nude), and this is extremely harmful to young children. Others use strong sexual language, which is also harmful to young children. Social networking sites are only designed for adults and therefore, young children should be monitored when they are using such sites. One of the biggest problems is that, many users do not screen their contents to make sure that children cannot view or access them (Stephan, 20 00). Parents should be extremely careful when it comes to social networking sites. Identity thieves It has been reported that criminals use fake profiles; they have fake identities, and some pretend to be children so that they can have children as their Facebook or Twitter friends (Rittinghouse and Hanock, 2003). Criminals are befriending children because they are pretending to be their own age. Although these cases are rare, they are very serious because they come with many problems. According to most law enforcement agencies, faking profiles is one of the fastest growing problems, and parents should be very alert to prevent their children from being victims of such criminals. Criminals are targeting children because they want to kidnap them for sex (Watters, 2012). Today, cases of adults using social networking sites and other chat rooms with attempts to befriend children and adolescents have been on the increase (Rittinghouse and Hanock, 2003). The biggest danger comes when these adults posing as children on the social sites want to meet their â€Å"new friends†. It is, therefore, clear that social networking sites have become play grounds for fraudsters, kidnappers and other criminals whose aim is to find and prey on most vulnerable targets (children) (Roderic, 2006). Parents should learn various ways of protecting their children because they are relatively vulnerable on the internet.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Potential threats to children on social networking sites specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cyber bullying Cyber bullying has increasingly become a serious problem in the recent times. Bullying is no longer restricted to the play grounds, but it can also happen on the internet too (Rittinghouse and Hanock, 2003). Social networking sites are the most targeted and children can be bullied even when they are at home or at school. This form of bullying is not physical but it can be very damaging at times as it interferes with emotions of the young and adolescents. Statistics show that children are becoming victims of cyber bullying because they are constantly on social networking sites to socialize and on the internet to study (Stephan, 2000). Cyber bullying can happen through numerous means including email and social networking sites. It is necessary to address this problem because it can affect children’s lives in a negative way. Emotional damage Experts have warned that apart from vulgar language and watching pornographic videos and images, children can also undergo emotional damage because of using social networking sites. The most risk social sites include Facebook, Twitter, and Bebo, which can interfere with confidence of users (Rittinghouse and Hanock, 2003). In such social networking cites, users have friends and some have many friends than others. Having many friends is a source of self esteem for children, but those who have few frie nds are less confident; they lack self-esteem (Roderic, 2006). This is because many children measure their happiness and success based on the number of friends. Even if a child is not facing other problems (such as bullying) on a certain social networking site, one may not feel confident enough because he only has few friends. Moreover, children are spending more time on the internet and they are losing their empathy on actual friends (Rittinghouse and Hanock, 2003). Experts have reported that since social networking sites were launched, many people have lost their real friends because they have no time to interact with each other. This is because most people are spending a lot of time glued to their computers. Some children have even forgotten about their interests and hobbies, which is pushing them away from their friends. This trend is a serious crisis because young children are losing emotional skills, needed to retain true friends. Malware and virus Another potential threat cau sed by use of social networking sites among children is the potential to harm their computers, phones, and PCs among other personal gadgets (Rittinghouse and Hanock, 2003). The internet is full of threats both for human and hardware. When children are on the social networking sites, they may accidentally expose their computers or phones to harmful malware such as virus among others.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Parents unlike children are extremely cautious when clicking on what to download from their computers. They are fully aware there exist hundreds of potential hazardous risks and are, therefore, likely to avoid them. On the other hand, children are most vulnerable because they are not likely to know which links are unsafe (Roderic, 2006). On the internet, there are thousands of dangerous sites and social networking sites are not exception as they are the most targeted links. The risks that come with viruses are serious because some of them can cause hardware failures. Parents should monitor which links their children are visiting when they are on social networking sites to avoid such potential threats. Recommendations It is highly recommended that parents should monitor, supervise, and guide their children when using Facebook or Twitter among others. This is because, children are innocents, and they are unlikely to sense danger. Criminal are targeting children and adolescents on the social networking sites due to their vulnerability. Parent should install software that restricts accessing of certain pages or links. In addition, parents should train their children about various problems related to social networking sites. They should also warn them about the numerous potential threats caused by such sites. Apart from helping and encouraging children, parents should also work with law enforcement agencies to make sure that those who are responsible for bullying and posting harmful materials (such as pornographic images and videos) are punished severely. The government should also impose tough penalties on such criminals to help reduce such cases. Risk Assessment Risk Level 20 40 60 80 100 Criminal elements High High High High Very high Sexual content High High High High Very high Identity thieves Medium Medium Moderate High Very high Cyber bullying Low Low Moderate Medium High Emotional damage Low Low Low Low Medium Malware and virus Low Medium Med ium Medium High Conclusion The internet is utilized by people to run businesses and to communicate all over the world. Because of its efficiency, it has been embraced globally. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and My Space are the most commonly used (Rittinghouse and Hanock, 2003). These networking sites have potential threats to children, who have continued to use these sites to communicate and connect with friends. The reason why children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to being preyed upon by online criminals is because they are naive. Cyber bullying, exposure to malware, identity thieves, emotional distress, and being exposed to content only fit for adults are among the few potential threats that are presented by social networking sites to children. To curb these problems, parents should take the responsibility of monitoring, supervising, and guiding their children. Furthermore, parents should work with the law enforcement agencies to ensure crim inals are punished. By so doing, our children will be safe whenever they are using social networking sites. Reference List Rittinghouse, W., Hanock, B. (2003). Cyber security Operations Handbook. Missouri: Digital Press. Roderic, B. (2006). Developments in the global law enforcement of cyber-crime, Policing. An International Journal of Police Strategies Management, 29 (3): 408 – 433. Stephan, G. (2000). The draft cyber crime convention: creating an international law enforcement standard. Info, 2 (6): 605 – 606. Watters, P. (2012). Cyber Security: Concepts and Cases. Amsterdam: British Scientific Publishing. This report on Potential threats to children on social networking sites was written and submitted by user Kimberly Kent to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.